Theory of Mind in Normative Aging: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to analyze how the different components of Theory of Mind—explicit and implicit, affective and cognitive, as well as intrapersonal and interpersonal—evolve throughout normative aging. Its purpose is to integrate the available evidence, clarify the role of protective factors such as education, occupation, and lifestyle, and understand how these changes in Theory of Mind relate to variables such as physical and psychological well-being, happiness, or autonomy in older adults. Through an exhaustive synthesis of the existing literature, the review is expected to provide a more precise and comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying ToM in aging, identify gaps relevant for future research, and guide the development of clinical and social interventions aimed at the older adult population.