Estimulación cerebral profunda en la enfermedad de Parkinson

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical progression is inexorable and unpredictable, and some patients are severely affected after disease onset, with disability at an early age. Medical treatment remains the treatment of choice for patients diagnosed with the disease, but as the disease progresses, it becomes necessary to seek out and select new management options, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). The objective of this paper is to conduct an updated review of the use and outcomes of DBS in patients with PD. Development: A literature review was conducted using several search engines to identify more than 35 articles in Spanish and English related to the use of DBS in PD, its efficacy, and safety. Most were published between 2020 and the present. DBS was developed in the 1990s and has emerged as an alternative for improving the motor symptoms of the disease, and it is performed by a multidisciplinary team. The most commonly used targets are the subthalamic nucleus and the internal globus pallidus, which can be stimulated unilaterally or bilaterally. Stimulation programming is individualized and contributes to improving patients' neurological status and quality of life; in most cases, it significantly reduces the need for antiparkinsonian medication. In some cases, it eliminates dyskinesias caused by chronic levodopa use. Complications and adverse effects are minimal. Conclusions: Publications from recent years agree that DBS for the treatment of advanced PD is a safe and effective procedure for controlling the motor complications of the disease.