Sarcoma retroperitoneal en mujer postmenopáusica: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Introduction: Retroperitoneal sarcomas constitute a rare and aggressive group of mesenchymal neoplasms. Due to their deep anatomical location, they pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Their nonspecific symptomatology may lead to misdiagnosis; in fact, in this case, the tumor was initially identified as a uterine sarcoma. Objective: To describe the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic course of a case of retroperitoneal sarcoma initially diagnosed as uterine sarcoma. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective clinical case study was conducted through a chronological analysis of the clinical evolution of a patient over 50 years of age, diagnosed and treated between 2019 and 2024 in secondary- and tertiary-level institutions in Mexico. Previous results: The patient underwent multiple surgical procedures and received radiotherapy following local recurrences. Imaging studies, such as PET-CT and computed tomography scans, confirmed the retroperitoneal location. Comprehensive evaluation allowed reclassification of the neoplasm and achievement of sustained clinical control, with no tumor activity detected on recent follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and differential diagnosis in complex pelvic masses. Although the outcome was negative with respect to the initial diagnosis, it provides relevant clinical evidence for the recognition and appropriate management of retroperitoneal sarcomas and contributes to oncological knowledge from a Latin American context.