АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ УСТАНОВОК У ТРАКТОРОБУДУВАННІ

This paper presents an analytical review of current trends in the development and implementation of modern power units in agricultural tractor engineering, considering technical, economic, and environmental requirements. Increasing demands for energy efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and compliance with stringent environmental regulations have intensified the need to improve tractor power units, which play a decisive role in determining traction performance, operational reliability, and overall efficiency.The study examines the main types of power units used in modern tractors, including advanced diesel engines, hybrid diesel-electric systems, fully electric drivetrains, and power units based on alternative energy sources. Particular attention is paid to next-generation diesel engines, which remain predominant due to their high efficiency and adaptability to heavy agricultural operating conditions. Hybrid power units are analyzed as a promising solution for optimizing engine load, reducing fuel consumption, and lowering emissions during variable-duty cycles. Fully electric and alternative-fuel tractors are assessed in terms of their environmental advantages and current technological limitations.In addition, the paper analyzes the practical implementation of modern power units in serial tractor models and identifies key challenges limiting their widespread adoption, such as high costs and infrastructure constraints. Directions for further development are defined, including the integration of intelligent control systems, modular power unit designs, and adaptation to real agricultural operating conditions.