Eligibility criteria

Study design Include: • Prospective cohort studies • Retrospective cohort studies • Case-control studies • Surveillance-based observational studies Exclude: • Case reports • Reviews • Intervention-only RCTs (unless baseline observational data relevant) • Non-human studies Population • Track and field athletes (any level) • Youth, junior, collegiate, elite, masters • All athletics disciplines (sprints, distance, jumps, throws, combined events) Outcomes Studies must: • Report musculoskeletal injury outcomes AND/OR • Investigate injury risk factors Language English only Databases • MEDLINE (PubMed) • EMBASE • SPORTDiscus • Scopus • Web of Science • CINAHL