Challenge of the maritime transport sector ecological transition - Analysis and prospects for the development of the legal framework: Les enjeux de la transition écologique du transport maritime - Analyse et perspectives d'évolution du cadre légal

Summary/Presentation of my PhD thesis - Shipping has a vital role in the functioning of modern societies, having both economic and social functions that extend far beyond the ships themselves. Various terrestrial sectors, essential for ship construction, ship operation, and ship breaking, are involved in this activity. These factors collectively underscore the global significance of shipping. As awareness grows regarding the environmental impact of human activities, shipping has come under scrutiny for the marine and atmospheric pollution it generates. Consequently, there is a need to work on the transition of this industry. However, such a transition implies various challenges, including technical and economic barriers, alongside the imperative to maintain the integrity of the global maritime transport market. These elements complicate efforts to mitigate ship-generated pollution. In this context, maritime law assumes a crucial role. Primarily formulated at the international level, maritime law aims to incentivize or mandate industry stakeholders to reduce their environmental footprint. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) predominantly produces this body of law, with a focus on vessel-related regulations. Maritime law construction must account for the diverse challenges associated with this multifaceted activity. Yet, the examination of existing regulations brings to light certain gaps that hinder the ecological transition of maritime transport. Conversely, some regulations have proven effective in addressing pollution issues. Through a comprehensive analysis of all these regulations, supplemented by regional or national cases, it becomes evident what elements are necessary to craft effective and efficient legislation, and identify pathways for enhancing international maritime law.