Geospatial network analysis of transportation infrastructure and mobility experiences in Africa

Infrastructure networks and ease of mobility constitute fundamental pillars of modern economic systems, facilitating trade flows, labor movement, and knowledge transfer that drive growth and development. The quality and extent of transportation infrastructure determine transaction costs, market access, and the ability of economies to integrate into global value chains. Contemporary economic performance requires robust connectivity, leaving regions with inadequate infrastructure at a disadvantage in attracting investment and fostering trade. Despite the African continent’s vast territorial expanse, diverse political systems, vibrant young populations, and abundant natural resources, infrastructure deficits remain a persistent constraint on economic integration and development. This study examines Africa’s physical infrastructure connectivity through network analysis that maps the continent’s highway, railway, and air transportation networks, complemented by Afrobarometer survey data that captures citizens’ experiences and perceptions of cross-border movement. The findings show that a substantial proportion of survey participants report significant obstacles in cross-border travel. Corruption, road quality, internet access restrictions, and income levels emerge as primary factors that contribute to these mobility challenges. The network analysis demonstrates considerable variation in infrastructure density and quality across different regions, with notable disparities in connectivity infrastructure. The study concludes that meaningful regional integration requires substantial infrastructure investment and the removal of mobility barriers, which constitute fundamental prerequisites for African economic integration and sustainable development. These findings provide empirical foundations for policy interventions aimed at enhancing intra-African trade and mobility.