Transnational Fatherhood: A Systematic Review of Migrant Men’s Paternal Roles, Care Practices, and the Negotiation of Masculinity

This systematic review investigates the roles, challenges, and sociocultural impacts on transnational fathers within the framework of Migration Systems Theory. It analyzes how macro-level forces including restrictive policies and economic imperatives—shape migrant fathers' personal struggles and familial relationships. The review illuminates the significant emotional strain, caregiving conflicts, and evolving definitions of masculinity that these fathers navigate. A key finding is their reliance on remittances and digital communication to sustain both financial and emotional bonds with their families. The paper further reveals the complex sociocultural outcomes, such as a redistribution of family authority and a notable rise in decision-making power for left-behind women. By synthesizing existing research and identifying key knowledge gaps, this review serves as a crucial call for future research into the adaptive and transformative phenomenon of transnational fatherhood.