A Systems Perspective: How Social–Ecological Networks Can Improve Our Understanding and Management of Biological Invasions

Reversing biodiversity loss and the sustainability crisis requires approaches that explicitly consider human-nature interdependencies.Social-ecological networks, which incorporate social and ecological actors and entities, as well as their interactions, provide such an approach.Social-ecological networks have been applied to a range of complex issues, including sustainable resource use, management of ecosystem services and disservices, and collective action.However, the application of social-ecological networks to invasion science remains limited so far, despite their clear potential for studying human contributions to introduction pathways of nonnative