Bias in recruitment systems utilizing large language models

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Authors: Deshmukh, N.C., Mhaske, S.S., Chandra, L.S., Rachapudi, J., Le Quy, T., Hopfgartner, F.
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Abstract

AI-powered recruitment systems are becoming increasingly common, offering greater efficiency in hiring processes. However, these systems may unintentionally perpetuate biases, leading to unfair hiring decisions. This study investigates various types of biases such as gender, racial, and age in recruitment systems using several large language models (LLMs) including BERT, GPT-2, and GPT-Neo. Bias in AI-driven recruitment models is assessed using the Word Embedding Association Test (WEAT) metric. The experimental results reveal varying levels of bias across LLMs and significant biases in gender and racial associations, highlighting potential disparities in AI-driven hiring recommendations. To this end, this paper underscores the need for bias mitigation strategies in AI-based recruitment tools and advocates for transparent and equitable hiring practices. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/soujanyaachandra/Recruitment_Bias_Analysis.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Employer Branding and e-HRM AI and HR Technologies

Publication details

Journal / source
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Publication date
25 April 2026
Language
EN