The Experience of BIPOC Participants in Wilderness Therapy

Wilderness therapy is an alternative to residential treatment for adolescents and young adults. Although these programs predominantly serve White-identifying individuals, a proportion of participants identify as Black, Indigenous, and/or People of Color (BIPOC). Research has shown that race and ethnicity shape individuals’ experiences with mental health treatment; however, no studies to date have specifically explored the experiences of BIPOC individuals in wilderness therapy programs. This qualitative study addresses that gap by examining the experiences of BIPOC individuals who participated in wilderness therapy during adolescence. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach, nine themes emerged from the data. Findings suggest that participants’ levels of identity awareness and development shaped how they experienced the program. Participants also reported significant pre-treatment struggles and vulnerabilities. Wilderness therapy was frequently described as coercive and controlling, and many participants perceived a lack of cultural sensitivity. Long-term repercussions were reported, including difficulties navigating life post-treatment. Finally, participants often re-evaluated their wilderness therapy experiences over time.