Acidosis tubular renal: una revisión bibliográfica

ABSTRACT Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) includes a variety of disorders, both congenital and acquired, in which the kidneys are unable to adequately recover filtered bicarbonate (HCO3-) or remove hydrogen ions (H+). This results in metabolic acidosis characterised by hyperchloraemia and normal anion GAP. RTA is classified into four main types: proximal, distal, mixed and hyperkalaemic, the first three being the most common in medical practice. In a normal state, the acid-base balance is tightly regulated, maintaining the systemic arterial pH in the range of 7.35-7.45. Any change in pH outside of this range can be expected to be within the range of 7.35-7.45. Any change in pH outside this range results in significant cellular dysfunction. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice due to the heterogeneity of its causes and manifestations. In conclusion, correction of metabolic acidosis and management of secondary metabolic disturbances are essential in dRTA to prevent long-term complications. This research is a literature review, an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, qualitative, analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out by collecting information through open access scientific databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scielo. The aim of this article is to analyse the available evidence on renal acid-base regulation, the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of RTA, diagnostic methods and treatment options.