ЛАНДШАФТНО-ПРОСТОРОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ «КУЧМАНСЬКИЙ ШЛЯХ - ПОСЕЛЕННЯ - РІЧКОВА МЕРЕЖА» НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ БАРСЬКОЇ ЗЕМЛІ ПОДІЛЛЯ У XV - XVI СТОЛІТТЯХ

The article examines the spatial development of the territory of the Bar Starostvo in the 15th–16th centuries. It traces the staged development of Rov County: from formation, through destruction (the capture of Rov in 1452), to revival within the Bar Starostvo (1537–1552). A landscape–spatial analysis is conducted of the state of the territory under the influence of an urban-destructive factor–the Kuchman Road. The impact of the economic activity of Bona Sforza, which brought about a shift in the military–urban-planning paradigm, is investigated: the abandonment of restoring the castle on the slopes and the founding of Bar in the floodplain of the Rov under Magdeburg Law were accompanied by engineering interventions (channel correction, a moat and a pond, fortifications), and a settlement with a protective function was established along the approach from the Road. The paper considers the application of a landscape–spatial approach to reconstruct risk factors and the mechanisms of the urbanization of the natural environment in medieval Podillia, which clarifies the role of the natural framework in the genesis of the region’s urban network.