Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Phenolic, Flavonoid, Anthocyanin Measurement and Antioxidant Capacity in Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and compare conventional and emerging extraction techniques for maximizing bioactive phytochemical yield from Syzygium cumini (Java plum). Rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols, S. cumini has significant therapeutic potential. However, variations in extraction methods impact yield, purity, and bioavailability, creating a gap in identifying the most efficient and sustainable approach. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically collects, analyzes, and synthesizes data from peer-reviewed studies to assess extraction efficiency, phytochemical composition, and sustainability. It examines conventional methods (e.g., maceration, Soxhlet, solvent extraction etc.) alongside emerging technologies (e.g., ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid extraction etc.) and their impact on bioactive compound retention. By addressing the gap between traditional and modern extraction technologies, this study aims to provide a comprehensive comparison, recommend optimized methods for industrial and nutraceutical applications, and contribute to advancing food science and bioactive compound research.